Showing posts with label Arctic fox. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Arctic fox. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 31, 2012

Sojourner in Scotland & Baltic & Nordic Europe

Howdy, Birders,
From April 23rd until July 19th, I was on an extended journey in Scotland and Baltic and Nordic Europe. All images, below, copyright, Debi Shearwater. Please ask permission to use. This is just a brief recap of my trip which included visiting thirteen different countries. I will write a more detailed report later this fall, complete with more images. It was an amazing trip consisting of several distinct parts, beginning in Glasgow, Scotland. On the morning of April 25th, our group boarded the M/S Stockholm and set sail amongst for the Hebrides and St Kilda for a seven day voyage. This voyage was previously detailed here. Below, is my image of the Callanish Stones, one of my most favorite sites. 
We enjoyed some incredibly beautiful scenery and weather. 
Absolutely hands down, the very busy Atlantic puffins on Lunga Island were a delight. 
A visit to Scotland would not be complete without a castle. 
At the end of the voyage, I opted to stay in the town of Paisley, where I visited the stunning Paisley Abbey which dates from the 1100's. 

On May 3, I flew from Glasgow, via Amsterdam to Tallinn, Estonia. Here, I would spend 36 days, traveling from one end of this gorgeous country to the other. Estonia is a fabulous place to see large numbers of birds that are not easily found in other parts of Europe, or that are dwindling in numbers. My stay began with four days of touring the capitol city, Tallinn which is one of the best preserved medieval cities. Tallinn Old Town became a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1997. Pictured, below is one of the towers.
There is so much to write about my long stay in Estonia. I arrived at what was really the end of winter. Trees were not yet leafed out. Ice had to be scraped from my car windshield each morning. Storks were building their nests atop old, abandoned chimney stacks, telephone poles, and just about anything that could hold a nest. Before I would leave the country, the trees would be covered with leaves, making it far more difficult to see small warblers. And, the storks would have young in their nests. May 17th was the day that turned the tide, from ice in the morning to warming sunshine and the first mosquitos of spring on that hot night— pure indication that the seasons had changed, literally overnight. What could be more rewarding than watching spring unfold across a countryside over the course of five weeks' time?
There are many birds to write about, but that will come in future blogs. Chaffinches were by far the most common, daily bird. 
This Common Rosefinch was in full song on a barely leafed out willow at Soomaa National Park.
A male Bullfinch was eating flower buds.
There is so much to say about lovely Estonia— about the birds, wildlife and the marvelous folks I met along the way! The countryside is stunning. So much more to tell about this place. One of the best parts of traveling, was that I had ample time to sit and talk with people for several hours at a time. I rambled around, turning down any road that looked interesting. Staying in little apartments, shopping at the local grocery stores, doing laundry, and basically "just living" like the local folks. Eventually, however, it was time to move on. So, I flew from Tallinn to Copenhagen, Denmark. For two days, I toured museums and sites in Copenhagen, including Tivoli Gardens the world's second oldest amusement park.
On June 9th, I embarked Oceania Cruise line's Nautica for a 10 day, luxury cruise, "Treasures of the Baltic Sea." 
Bring on the deck chairs! Yes, indeed, this was a luxury cruise (which I got a great deal on). Each day, our ship made port in a new city, many of them once part of the Hanseatic League. 
Our final two days were spent at the superbly stunning St. Petersburg, Russia— just indescribable. 
On June 19th, I disembarked in Stockholm, Sweden, not the least bit unhappy because I was fulfilling a life-long childhood desire to visit Sweden. A glitch with my hotel reservation caused me to book at a great hotel, right along the waterfront in Gamla Stan. (Old Town). Over the course of the next two days, I took in as many sites of Stockholm as I could, riding the ferry across the way to see the great ship, Vasa, among other sites. 
June 21st found me at the Stockholm airport on a flight bound for the Aland Islands where I would spend MidSummer with the Swedish folks. MidSummer is one of, if not the biggest holiday in Sweden. I watched some 17 MidSummer Poles in various stages of completion. These poles will remain standing for the entire year, until they are redressed for next year's holiday.

Returning to Stockholm airport, I retrieved my left luggage on June 25th and flew to Malmo. Picked up a rental car in Malmo and began to explore Skane, southern Sweden. 
This was a much bigger part of a dream-come-true-trip for me because my Swedish relatives had emigrated from this part of Sweden during the late 1800's. I was curious to see the cities and countryside. I visited the picturesque city of Ystad and the more industrial city of Trelleborg. Nothing really struck me as a "home" of any of my relatives. The farms were a reminder of their life in the countryside of Pennsylvania.
Returning to Malmo, I stayed at the old Mayfair Hotel Tunnein, near the Central Train Station. It was here that I could "feel" that my Uncle Eddie might well have stayed in the late 1800's. He might well have taken the train to Trelleborg from this very hotel. On June 30th, I took a train from Central Station to Copenhagen airport. From there, I few to Oslo, Norway. 
At Oslo, I met up with some of the folks who were joining the Shearwater Journeys' birding pre-trip. For the next five days, we explored many birding places with our local guide, Jon Luras. It was not the best time of year to see birds, but this trip was set up to make the most of our time, prior to joining the Shearwater Journeys' charter voyage at Svalbard. Nevertheless, we managed to find about 120 species of birds on our Oslo pre-trip. Some specialties in the high tundra, pictured below, included: Bluethroats feeding young in their nests; Ring Ouzel, Dotterel and newly fledged Dippers. We had a lot of fun— one participant decried the trip as "so much fun it was practically illegal."
On July 6th, our birding party, and by now, we were indeed a "party," flew from Oslo to Longyearbyen, Svalbard. 
The very small town of Longyearbyen supports quite an array of birds and wildlife, beyond the human kind, that is!
The "Svalbard" subspecies of reindeer has shorter legs and is quite tame.
Now, we were enjoying the "Midnight Sun" with a full 24 hours of daylight— and, I do mean bright sunlight at all hours. This Arctic fox was hunting in the early morning. It stole an egg from a Common Eider nest. 
 Of course our quest was for the icon of the High Arctic— the polar bear!
 So, after two and a half busy days at Longyearbyen, we embarked our little ship, M/S Stockholm on July 8th for Shearwater Journeys' 11 day charter expedition voyage like no other.

Departing Longyearbyen, below, the scenery and lighting was just stunning.
Our little ship, with only 12 guests on board took us places where no other ships could go. Our captain has his own soundings which enable him to do this safely.
 
Slowly, Captain Per brought the ship to within four feet of a solid rock cliff of thousands and thousands of nesting Brunnich's Guillemots (Thick-billed Murres). 
Somewhere, at the bottom of this cliff is our Zodiac on the beach. All twelve of us fit in one Zodiac when making landings. This saves loads of time and allows for maximum time on shore with wildlife.
The photographers had a field day!
And, the Polar Bears— in total, we saw 48 polar bears. At one stop we had 21 polar bears in view, some of them with cubs.
We spent almost two days in the pack ice where Ivory Gulls reign.
But, Black-legged Kittiwakes are far more numerous.
We saw Polar Bears! 
We saw Polar Bears up close!
And, even very close! It was thrilling. It was amazing. 
And, we had so much fun, it probably was illegal!
Our little party of extremely happy adventurers disembarked on July 18th and flew to Oslo that evening. Most folks flew home on July 19th and are now editing thousands of images. 
Let the good times roll on,
Debi Shearwater
Charter Master

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

SVALBARD'S WILDLIFE: MAMMALS


On a voyage Svalbard, pack ice and ice-filled fjords will be on tap daily. In this High Arctic realm, the Polar Bear, a top predator, reigns supreme. However, there is more in store for the Arctic adventurer. And, Shearwater Journeys' charter voyages to Svalbard aims to dish it all up! As Polar Bears loom ominously in the traveler's mind, I've devoted an entire post to them, here. This post will focus on the other mammals we may encounter. Polar Bear image, below, copyright, Debi Shearwater. The abundance of marine mammals was a principle attractant for people to this region historically. Massive harvesting of marine mammals commenced shortly after Svalbard's discovery. Various species were targeted over a period of several hundred years. Bowhead Whales and the Walrus were driven to near extinction. Populations of the Great Whales were greatly reduced. Today, Polar Bears are protected, as are most other marine mammals, although hunting does still take place. On this voyage, we hope to encounter as many species of mammals as possible. The pack ice will be our constant companion. There is nothing in the world that I love more than the sound of ice cracking as either the ship or Zodiac navigates these frigid, productive waters. Music to my ears! Look carefully— for there is a seal on the ice in the image below!
Nineteen species of marine mammals frequent Svalbard, including the Polar Bear, Walrus, five species of true seals and twelve species of cetaceans. Seal species we hope to encounter include: RINGED, BEARDED, HARBOR, HARP and HOODED. The image below, copyright Debi Shearwater, is of three HOODED SEALS at Spitsbergen. The young Hooded Seal shows a blue-black pelage which is maintained for two years. During breeding season (March), male Hooded Seals inflate a nasal sac to display to the females and other males. It is estimated that the global population of Hooded Seals is one million. The Polar Bear is a predator of Hooded Seals.
We shall make Zodiac cruises in search of marine mammals and seabirds. In the image below, someone is happy to spot a WALRUS! Image, below, copyright Vera Simonsson.
Walruses have a disjointed circumpolar distribution. Two subspecies are recognized, one in the Pacific and the other in the Atlantic. There are approximately 200,000 Pacific Walruses and some 20-30,000 Atlantic Walrus. The Svalbard population is thought to be about 2,000. Walrus is a year-round resident at Svalbard. In Svalbard, nearly all Walruses encountered are males. There are females and calves on the east side of Nordaustlandet but most of these walruses remain in the Barents Sea near Franz Josef Land. In recent years, more females have been seen in Svalbard, as they continue to repopulate their former range. Image below, copyright, Adam Rheborg.
Walruses are extremely social animals. They haul out in tight groups on land and usually travel at sea in tight groups as well. Their is significant sexual segregation outside of the breeding season. Solitary individuals can be seen on occasion on the ice or in the water. These are usually adult males. Image below, copyright, Lisa Strim.
Walrus have a narrow ecological niche that limits their distribution. They depend on: 1) the availability of large areas of shallow water with suitable bottom substrate to support a productive bivalve community, 2) the presence of reliable open water over rich feeding areas, particularly in winter when access to feeding ares is limited by ice cover, and 3) the presence of haul out areas in reasonably close proximity to feeding areas. Their main diet is bivalve mollusks, clams of various types, that they search for using their sensitive whiskers. Their ivory tusks were a valuable trade item. Walruses can live to an age of over 40 years. Image below, copyright, Morten Joergensen.
A variety of toothed whales (Odontocetes) can be found in the Svalbard region. These include: BELUGA, NORTHERN BOTTLENOSE WHALE, SPERM WHALE, KILLER WHALE, PILOT WHALE and WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHIN. NARWHAL is a very, very remote possibility.
Folks who have taken pelagic trips from California will be familiar with the Pacific White-sided Dolphin. The WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHIN, above, is a member of that same genus, Lagenorhynchus). This is the most numerous dolphin in the Barents Sea. Image above, copyright, Troels Jacobsen.
The SPERM WHALE is the largest toothed whale, up to 45 tons. Sperm Whales are very deep divers that feed primarily on squid. Female Sperm Whales are highly social and live together with other females and their young. Adult males are usually solitary. Hunting of Sperm Whales began in the early 1880's. Their population was very depleted, especially the large males. There is currently no hunting of Sperm Whales in the north Atlantic region and they are protected in Svalbard. Images of Sperm Whales, above and below, copyright, Don Doolittle.
Several species of baleen whales which we might encounter include: MINKE, HUMPBACK, BLUE, FIN, and rarely, but possibly, BOWHEAD. Minke Whale is the most likely whale we could encounter. However, an encounter with a BLUE WHALE, below, would be unforgettable. Blue Whale is the largest animal ever to have lived on Earth. Sightings in the north Atlantic region are rare, as Blue Whales were hunted to the brink of extinction by commercial whaling. They remain endangered. In fact, worldwide, Blue Whales remain a rare and endangered species. In Svalbard, they are protected. Blue Whale image below, copyright, Don Doolittle.HUMPBACK WHALES are making a very slow comeback in this region, despite suffering a 90% depletion of their population due to commercial whaling. They are one of the most easily recognized whales, especially their uniquely patterned under tail flukes. Image below, copyright, Debi Shearwater.
The only naturally occurring terrestrial mammals are the ARCTIC FOX and SVALBARD REINDEER. The Arctic Fox has a circumpolar distribution and is found in a wide variety of tundra habitats. In Svalbard, they occur from the highest mountain ridges to the coast, and even on pack ice. Arctic Foxes are especially abundant in areas where food are readily obtained, such as the west coast of Svalbard where large numbers of seabirds, eiders and geese breed. They are commonly seen around the town of Longyearbyen. So, be alert! Arctic Fox image, below, copyright, Don Doolittle.
The SVALBARD REINDEER is a small subspecies of Rangifer tarandus. Males are significantly larger than females and have larger antlers. Svalbard Reindeer are short-legged and have relatively short, round heads. They are well insulated against the cold winter. These reindeer exhibit a very sedentary behavior which reduces their energy demands. They have a well developed ability to use their own reserves, both fat and muscle tissue, when access to food is poor in winter. They are commonly seen in town at Longyearbyen. Oh, and no, that is not a reindeer, below! It is a lemming which I photographed near Hudson Bay, Churchill, Canada. It is the closest image I have of an introduced animal that is found in Svalbard— the SIBLING VOLE.
The SIBLING VOLE is a microtus that was accidentally brought to Svalbard with hay shipments that came from Russia to feed horses. Sibling Voles have been observed regularly near Longyearbyen since the 1960s. It is active throughout the winter. They have a very high reproductive rate and good dispersal abilities. The Sibling Vole in Svalbard has no natural competitors and its only predator is the Arctic Fox.

Join me in the search for Svalbard's mammals and birds on Shearwater Journeys' charter voyage on board M/S Stockholm, July 8 - 18, 2013!

Walrus forever,
Debi Shearwater
debi@shearwaterjourneys.com